This snippet of code will show how to get individual character from a string in a variable

$sMyName = “Darwin”;

print $sMyName[1]; // will print the letter “a”

Heredoc also known as here-document is a way of specifying string literals or printing them literally without the use of quotes to threat them as literal strings. Heredoc preserves the line breaks and other whitespace (including indentation) in the text.

Heredocs start with <<< and a token or also known as delimiting identifier. The token or delimiting identifier don’t leading or trailing whitespace and followed by semicolon a to end the statement.

Example: We wanted to print this string

The quick brown fox

jumps over the lazy dog.

But what is the name of that dog 

whom the fox jumped over.

Usually we will use the print built in function of php and put line breaks to separate the lines

print "The quick brown fox \n";

print "jumps over the lazy dog. \n";

print "But what is the name of that dog \n"; 

print "whom the fox jumped over \n";

In heredoc we literally print these sequence string without having to print all the lines 1 by 1;

Using heredoc

print <<< DOGS

The quick brown fox

jumps over the lazy dog.

But what is the name of that dog 

whom the fox jumped over.

DOGS; 

Heredocs in HTML

$sAnimal = "cat";

$aZoo = array("elephant","zebra","monkey","lion","bear");

print <<< ZOO

There are different animals in the zoo.

It includes <b>$aZoo[1], $aZoo[3].</b>

There are also <font color="red">$sAnimal</font> here.

ZOO;